Where is IPv1, IPv2 & IPv3 ??? And also IPv5 ???

Yesterday I had the discussion session with my team-mate, Danial & Yee. Fauzi also join the session. As usual, we met at McD, Equine Park.

I got 1 interesting question from Yee, humm... might be a killer question, the 1 that I can't answer,hehe

Yee: We are talking about IPv4 and the new IPv6... whare is IPv 1,2 & 3??? Then where is IPv5???

Faizal: haha... (blank, I don't know)

Ok guys, now I have the answers.... haha, it's very interesting and I think that there are many CCNAs out there not aware about this...

The IP defined in RFC 791 was the first widely-used version of the Internet Protocol. RFC mean Request for Comments is a memorandum published by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) describing methods, behaviors, research, or innovations applicable to the working of the Internet and Internet-connected systems.

Interestingly, however, it is not version 1 of IP but version 4! This would of course imply that there were earlier versions of the protocol at one point. Interestingly, however, there really weren't. As I mentioned above, IP was created when its functions were split out from an early version of TCP that combined both TCP and IP functions. TCP evolved through three earlier versions, and was split into TCP and IP for version 4. That version number was applied to both TCP and IP for consistency. Even though the name seems to imply that it's the fourth iteration of the key Internet Protocol, version 4 of IP was the first that was widely used in modern TCP/IP.

A natural question at this point of course is: what happened to version 5 of IP? The answer is: it doesn't exist. While this may seem confusing, version 5 was in fact intentionally skipped to avoid confusion, or at least to rectify it. The problem with version 5 relates to an experimental TCP/IP protocol called the Internet Stream Protocol, Version 2, originally defined in RFC 1190. This protocol was originally seen by some as being a peer of IP at the Internet Layer in the TCP/IP architecture, and in its standard, these packets were assigned IP version 5 to differentiate them from “normal” IP packets (version 4). This protocol apparently never went anywhere, but to be absolutely sure that there would be no confusion, version 5 was skipped over in favor of version 6.

More info at: http://www.tcpipguide.com/

8 years imprisonment for stealing data

Snipermail owner Scott Levine was sentenced to eight years in prison
By Jaikumar Vijayan, February 23, 2007 12:00 PM ET

Computerworld - A Florida businessman convicted of stealing more than 1 billion data records containing personal information from Acxiom Corp. deserved the eight-year prison term he got last year, a federal appeals court in St. Louis ruled this week.

Scott Levine was the owner of Boca Raton-based Snipermail Inc., a company that distributed Internet advertisements to e-mail addresses. During the course of the company's work, it secured a subcontract from a customer that allowed Snipermail access to Acxiom's databases. Levine and some associates abused this access to steal more than a billion records from Acxiom between January 2003 and July 2003.

Scott Levine

According to court documents, Levine used sophisticated decryption software to illegally obtain Acxiom passwords and grant himself broad access to Acxiom databases. Levine and his associates later tried to destroy the evidence from their company hard drives when Acxiom noticed the illegal downloads and initiated a criminal investigation. A jury in Little Rock, Ark., found Levine guilty of 120 counts of unauthorized access of a protected computer, two counts of access device fraud and one count of obstruction of justice in August 2005. He was sentenced to 96 months in prison last August.

Levine appealed the sentence, claiming that evidence of prior legal problems he had with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and records showing his "lavish personal expenditures" should not have been admitted. He also claimed that there was insufficient evidence to show that he had aided and abetted unauthorized access to Acxiom's computers.
In upholding the sentence, the federal appeals court noted that information regarding Levine's lifestyle was needed to establish a motive for his actions. Similarly, the court rejected Levine's claims of insufficient evidence regarding his direct involvement in the illegal access.
"Employees of Snipermail testified that Levine was instructed on how to use a password to access the Acxiom server, that he had the master password file for Acxiom and that he received assistance in decoding encrypted passwords on that file," the court wrote in its decision. "The jury also heard evidence regarding the financial struggles of Snipermail, giving Levine a motive to commit the charged conduct."

The court added that the jury that found Levine guilty also had heard evidence from a Snipermail employee who admitted to using his computer to download Acxiom data and that Levine had often used that computer.

1. Who do you think, the victim in this case?

2. Do you think that 8 years imprisonment is appropriate punishment to him? Why or why not?

Please write your opinion in comment, thanks…

Tazkirah Jumaat: Dosa Harta Seorang Pekerja

oleh Ustaz Zaharuddin

Berikut adalah salah satu cabang dosa harta yang dimakan oleh sebahagian pekerja. Semuanya pasti merosakkan jiwa dan hati serta menjauhkan daripada keinginan solat, apatah lagi untuk mendapat khusyuk.

Contoh dosa harta seorang pekerja.

1.Menggunakan peralatan syarikat untuk tujuan peribadi seperti kertas, pen, faks, fotostat, menelefon anak dirumah, rakan-rakan dan lain-lain, yang mana tiada hubungan dengan kerjanya. Maka penggunaan tidak sah ini mestilah dibayar oleh pekerja sama ada secara langsung atau tidak langsung.

2.Menipu syarikat ketika membuat tuntutan wang yang digunakan seperti tuntutan kos minyak petrol, pembelian alatan untuk syarikat di luar dan lain-lain dengan membuat kos tambahan sendiri.

3.Mengambil rehat tidak sah ketika waktu bekerja. Ia akan menyebabkan pendapatan gaji seseorang tidak sepenuh miliknya.

4.Membuat tuntutan kerja lebih masa dengan perancangan. Ia pada asalnya adalah harus, tetapi menjadi haram apabila pekerja sengaja melambatkan kerjanya pada waktu biasa, dengan niat untuk melakukan kerja lebih masa atau overtime. Ini ialah salah satu bentuk penipuan.

5.Rasuah dalam membuat pemilihan. Pegawai yang bertanggungjawab memilih kontraktor untuk iklan, pembersihan, latihan dan lain-lain untuk syarikat atau organisasinya. Sebagai contohnya, pihak pegawai memilih syarikat Z daripada empat syarikat lain yang menghantar quotation kerana syarikat Z itu berjanji memberikannya sedikit imbuhan ikhlas.

Hukumnya adalah HARAM dan RASUAH dalam islam.

6.Mencipta quotation sendiri oleh pegawai atau kumpulan pegawai yang diberikan kuasa membuat pemilihan kontraktor untuk syarikat. Dia atau mereka sepakat untuk memberi kepada 1 syarikat yang mereka kenali bukan kerana kualiti dan harganya tetapi kerana sebab-sebab lain. Disebabkan oleh prosedur syarikat yang memerlukan agar quotation daripada 4 buah syarikat yang lain, pegawai ini telah mencipta beberapa quotation daripada syarikat yang tidak wujud bagi menunjukkan quotationnya adalah yang terbaik.

Hukum adalah HARAM kerana MENIPU.

7.Menaikkan harga. Seorang kakitangan diminta oleh majikan untuk mencari pembekal bahan mentah dan berjaya mencari dengan harga RM1500 tetapi menaikkannya kepada RM 2000, lalu baki RM 500 diambilnya.

Hukumnya adalah HARAM oleh sepakat ulama.

8.Menang Tender Bersyarat. Pegawai diminta oleh majikan mencari kontraktor untuk mengubah suai pejabat atau apa jua aset syarikat. Pegawai itu telah melobi syarikat B kepada majikan disebabkan dia telah mempunyai perjanjian di sebalik tabir dengan pihak syarikat B yang memberikannya izin untuk melabur wang peribadinya dalam syarikat B dengan kadar keuntungan mengikut islam kononnya. Padahal, jika tiada peluang melabur itu, sudah pasti pegawai itu tidak akan mengempen syarikat B.

Hukum tindakan sebegini adalah HARAM dalam islam dan ia termasuk dalam RASUAH BENTUK BARU dan berselindung di sebalik aktiviti pelaburan islam.

9.Tuntutan Palsu. Kakitangan membeli barang keperluan syarikat atau mengisi minyak dengan harga tertentu tetapi berpakat dan memohon pembekal atau stesen minyak mengeluarkan resit dengan jumlah berbeza daripada jumlah pembeliannya. Berbekalkan resit itu, pegawai membuat tuntutan kepada syarikat dengan harga berlipat kali ganda. Ini yang berlaku dalam kes-kes di atas.

Hukumnya adalah HARAM menurut islam kerana membuat penipuan kepada syarikat. Pihak pembekal juga berdosa kerana dikira bersubahat mengeluarkan resit berjumlah palsu itu.

10.Resit Harga Ciptaan. Kakitangan membeli barang untuk kegunaan syarikat dari satu kedai, dan kedai tersebut enggan bekerjasama untuk menaikkan harga dalam resit. Bagi meraih keuntungan, pihak pegawai telah mencipta resit sendiri berserta cop palsu.

Hukumnya adalah HARAM dalam islam kerana PENIPUAN.

11.Ambil Untung Sendiri. Pegawai diberi oleh syarikat bajet maksimum sebanyak RM 5000 untuk membeli satu barangan keperluan syarikat. Pegawai berjaya mencari di pasaran terbuka barang yang diperlukan dengan harga RM4000 sahaja. Bagi mendapat manfaat, si pegawai telah berpakat dengan penjual agar dituliskan harga RM5000 dalam invoice dan baki RM1000 hendaklah diberi kepadanya.

Hukumnya adalah HARAM kerana penipuan dan wang khianat sebagaimana yang di sebut oleh Nabi Muhammad S.A.W. Bagaimanapun, jika ia berterus terang dengan majikan sambil memohon sebarang insentif atas kejayaannya mengurangkan kos syarikat kerana kecekapannya mencari barang yang lebih murah, tatkala itu, majikan harus memberikannya jika ia tidak menyalahi mana-mana undang-undang syarikat. Jika tidak, majikan akan mengambil kira kejayaan itu dan membayarnya dalam bonus dan kenaikan gaji apabila sampai waktunya sahaja.

Wang yang diperolehi daripada kerja yang telah diberi gaji. Ramai individu yang cuba mendapat side income daripada cara-cara yang disebut tadi, sambil melakukan tugasannya yang wajib. Ingatlah hadis berikut,

Nabi bersabda yang bermaksud:
"Barangsiapa yang telah kami ambil untuk melakukan sesuatu kerja, dan telah ditetapkan baginya sesuatu rezeki (gaji atau upah), maka apa yang diambilnya selepas itu adalah ghulul (pengkhianatan) " (Riwayat Abu Daud)

MAKA JAUHILAH...REZEKI DUNIA YANG HARAM PENYEBAB KEPADA PENYESALAN DI AKHIRAT

Renung-renungkanlah & selamat beramal...

My memorable wedding day

I just want to share my wedding pictures... Viewing these pics, make me always remember to my lovely wife, also not forget the commitments that i have...

Nikah, 16 Aug 2008

Sanding Kajang, 17 Aug 2008

Outdoor Putrajaya

Sanding Kuala Kurau, 23 Aug 2008

Outdoor Kuala Kurau

more pictures @

http://www.flickr.com/photos/30120479@N03/sets/72157609022045048/

&

http://www.flickr.com/photos/30120479@N03/sets/72157608997538203/

The full weekend...

Arghh... have to wake-up early on Sunday, have to go to my MBA's class. But, I'm quite happy with this class since I'm an IT literate. Thanks to Prof. Azizi to make this as one the 'IT for Manager' assignment, if not... I don't know when I will have my personal blog,hehe. hurm...wondering when I will become the Manager...

This week really pack, working mon-fri, then class on sat & sun. My wife also working this weekend, that is our life currenly.....

Not feeling well, may be due to weather nowadays... haze in KL

My 1st post...

Hi everybody !!!

At last, I have my own personal blog, haha...

Just wait for my next post, tq.